From: Factors associated with low bone density in patients referred for assessment of bone health
Factor | ≤ - 2 BMD Z-score | BMD Z-score > - 2 | p |
---|---|---|---|
 | N = 102 | N= 202 |  |
Indication for DXA (reported on referral form) | |||
Gastrointestinal disease* | 14 (13.7%) | 53 (26.2%) | 0.013 |
Osteopenia noted on a prior x-ray | 13 (12.8%) | 17 (8.4%) | 0.232 |
Hypogonadism or delayed puberty | 23 (22.6%) | 60 (29.7%) | 0.186 |
Chronic disease associated with bone loss | 51 (50.0%) | 46 (22.8%) | <0.001 |
Risk Factors | |||
25OHD insufficiency (< 30 ng/mL) | 68 (66.7%) | 91 (45.1%) | <0.001 |
Family history of osteoporosis | 23 (22.6%) | 26 (12.9%) | 0.009 |
Has reached menarche (females only) | 26 (47.3%) | 95 (68.4%) | 0.012 |
Amenorrhea (females only) | 12 (35.3%) | 53 (51.5%) | 0.257 |
Delayed puberty (males only) | 5 (10.9%) | 5 (7.8%) | 0.649 |
Fracture History** | 42 (42.4%) | 62 (31.0%) | 0.051 |
Eating disorder | 8 (7.8%) | 26 (12.9%) | 0.189 |
Cerebral palsy and/or non-ambulatory | 22 (21.6%) | 4 (2.0%) | <0.001 |
Cystic fibrosis | 6 (5.9%) | 7 (3.5%) | 0.371 |
Malnutrition § | 17 (16.7%) | 26 (12.9%) | 0.370 |
Malabsorption or IBD | 17 (16.7%) | 64 (31.7%) | 0.005 |
Osteogenisis imperfecta | 3 (2.9%) | 2 (0.99%) | 0.339 |
Recipient of an organ transplant | 5 (4.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.032 |
Prior treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy | 8 (7.8%) | 11 (5.5%) | 0.415 |
Recipient of a bone marrow transplant | 7 (6.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.008 |
Glucocorticoid use ( > 2 weeks) | 39 (38.2%) | 74 (36.6%) | 0.785 |
Anticonvulsant use | 19 (18.6%) | 13 (6.4%) | 0.001 |
History of prematurity ‡ | 9 (8.8%) | 10 (4.9%) | 0.022 |
Height z score (Mean + SD) | -1.15 + 1.5 | -0.37 + 1.2 | <0.001 |
BMI z score (Mean + SD) | -0.4 + 1.1 | 0.2 + 1.1 | <0.001 |