Table 4 Comparison of features between the present study and previous studies
From: Association of immunohistochemical markers with premalignancy in Gonadal Dysgenesis
Present study | Previous studies | |
|---|---|---|
Prevalence of germ cell tumor in GD population | 11.5 % | 15-40 % |
Age | 7 m - 18 y | Wide age range at presentation. GB has been identified in cases < 1 yr of age. |
Location of gonads in patients with malignancy | 100 % in abdomen | Abdominal gonads have been shown to have highest risk of malignant transformation. |
Degree of virilization in patients with malignancy | 3 of 4 pts were phenotypic female. | Low risk: Normally virilized males |
1 pt was ambiguous. | Intermediate Risk: Mild undervirilization | |
High Risk: Ambiguous genitalia | ||
Gross pathology findings | 3 pts had GB arising from streak gonad with ovarian stroma. | Low Risk: Streak gonad without germ cells, ovary, testis without immature germ cells |
1 pt had GB arising from immature testicular tissue. | High Risk: Undifferentiated gonadal tissue, dysgenetic testicle | |
Immunohistochemistry | All pts with GCT had strong expression of OCT 3/4, PLAP, β-catenin, and CD117 | OCT 3/4, PLAP, β-catenin, and CD117 are established markers of germ cell malignancy. |