Table 4 Changes of BMI z-score and metabolic parameters according to the frequency of clinic visits

Age (years)

10.9 ± 1.64

11.2 ± 2.9

0.71

Sex (male/female)

5/8

17/31

0.84

BMI z-score

2.44 ± 0.4

2.37 ± 0.4

0.66

2.5 ± 0.4

2.32 ± 0.4

0.03

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)^a

4.8 ± 0.32

4.5 ± 0.4

0.09

4.8 ± 0.6

4.7 ± 0.5

0.21

Fasting insulin (pmol/L)^b

151.4 ± 59.0

150.01 ± 95.8

0.97

143.8 ± 97.2

131.3 ± 102.1

0.54

HOMA-IR

4.7 ± 1.8

4.4 ± 2.9

0.8

4.5 ± 3.2

4 ± 2.9

0.4

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)^c

1.2 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.3

0.25

1.2 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.3

0.98

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)^c

106.2 ± 84.4

97.9 ± 12.3

0.16

111.3 ± 36.7

96.4 ± 23.5

0.022

Triglycerides (mmol/L)^d

1.6 ± 1

1.2 ± 0.4

0.20

1.1 ± 0.7

1 ± 0.4

0.13

2-hour glucose (mmol/L)^a

(n=8) 5.8 ± 1.2

5.3 ± 1.3

0.44

(n=34) 6.3 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.0

0.0001

Peak insulin (pmol/L)^a

(n=6) 1486.9 ± 1039.0

1474.4 ± 1206.3

0.98

(n=32) 1472.3 ± 817.4

952.9 ± 563.2

0.0036