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Table 4 Examples of estimates of procedural risks

From: Overcoming burdens in the regulation of clinical research in children. Proceedings of a consensus conference, in historical context

Procedure

Minimal risk

Minor increase

over minimal

More than

minor increase

over minimal

Comment

Venipuncture

X

   

Indwelling peripheral venous catheter

X

  

Risk level may be raised by other factors

Wrist-hand x-ray

X

   

Bone density test

X

   

Oral glucose tolerance test

X

   

Skin punch biopsy with topical pain relief

 

X

  

Organ biopsy

  

X

 

MRI, no sedation

X

  

Risk level may be raised by other factors

MRI, with sedation

 

X

 

Intubation may decrease risk for certain children

  1. Abridged from NHRPAC (2002).