Table 2 Characteristics of lifestyle and family history of medical conditions of children with rickets compared to health controls.
From: Nutritional Rickets among Children in a Sun Rich Country
Variables | Rickets | Healthy control | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||
n(%) | n(%) | ||
Age in years (Mean | 3.76 | 3.57 | .149 |
Vitamin D serum concentration (Mean
| 14.55 | 23.3 | .0001 |
Body Mass Index* | Â | Â | Â |
Underweight ( | 74 (57.4) | 187 (45.5) | .045 |
Normal (85th–95th percentile) | 50 (38.8) | 211 (51.3) |  |
Overweight ( | 5 (3.9) | 13 (3.2) | Â |
Color of the skin | Â | Â | Â |
White | 35 (27.1) | 131 (31.9) | .262 |
Whitish | 55 (42.6) | 184 (44.8) | Â |
Brown or black | 39 (30.2) | 96 (23.4) | Â |
Family history of Vitamin D Deficiency | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 57 (44.2) | 117 (28.5) | .001 |
No | 72 (55.8) | 294 (71.5) | Â |
Family history of Diabetes Mellitus | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 69 (53.5) | 157 (38.2) | .002 |
No | 60 (46.5) | 254 (61.8) | Â |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 50 (38.8) | 188 (45.7) | .163 |
No | 79 (61.2) | 223 (54.3) | Â |
Exposure to sunlight (30 minutes per day) | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 32 (24.8) | 153 (37.2) | .012 |
No | 97 (75.2) | 258 (62.8) | Â |
Breast Feeding | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 82 (63.6) | 396 (96.4) |
|
No | 47 (36.4) | 15 (3.6) | Â |
Formula Feeding | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 112 (86.8) | 295 (71.8) | .001 |
No | 17 (13.2) | 116 (28.2) | Â |
Vitamin D Supplements | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 66 (51.2) | 192 (46.7) | .378 |
No | 63 (48.8) | 219 (53.3) | Â |
Average of duration of time spent under the sun (minutes) (Mean
| 26.8 | 30.6 |
|
Birth order of the child (Mean
| 3.7 | 3.6 | .652 |
SD)
1.51
1.45
SD)
8.12
13.4
85th percentile)
95th percentile)
.001
SD)
19.9
15.7
.001
SD)
1.60
1.7